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Thus making an easier installation. I’ve taken previous constructive comments and criticism and integrated it to my new Empire EFI v 1.085. Kenan and kel full series on hulu. Think of it as the first few steps that I’ve taken towards moving to Empire EFI v.109.
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These are some of the minor changes as I am moving it towards a new direction. I am planning to include more documentation which covers more and more aspect of the operating system. SatisfyBefore I get this thing rolling – I want to tell you one thing. The tone which I’ve written this article may differ, its just to make it sound like a commercial product.
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Reason: Explain what the bootloader does and which bootloader exists. Also explain Legacy Boot vs. UEFI and bootloaders for ARM platforms (with links) (Discuss in Talk:Bootloader#) Please consult the discussion article metapage for guidelines on contributing. |
- 1FAQ
- 2Troubleshooting
- 2.1Re-installing the bootloader
FAQ
Am I booted in Legacy or UEFI?
The following command will print which boot mode you are using. This can be used on the NixOS installation image to determine which steps to follow in the guide.
How do I remove older generations from the bootloader?
First, collect garbages in your system, then rebuild. The scripts will collect leftover files.
The first command, in the example below, removes everything older than 14 days.
Limiting amount of entries with grub
The grub module has an option to limit the number of configurations made available in the boot partition,
boot.loader.grub.configurationLimit
. Setting this to a lower amount than the default may help reduce the occasions where too many different kernels and initrds are added to the /boot partition or ESP.Keeping kernels/initrd on the main partition
Warning: This solution is broken starting with GRUB 2.04. It is unknown whether its a GRUB issue or NixOS issue. Refer to [1]
For these instructions, GRUB will be required; systemd-boot cannot reference boot files from the root partition. This will differ from the default expectation of NixOS on EFI, where /boot/ is the ESP.
Troubleshooting
Re-installing the bootloader
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- Something happened, and the bootloader doesn't work as expected.
- The ESP was re-made and nothing was kept
- The ESP wasn't mounted and I want to re-generate the menu entries
![Empire Empire](https://www.sysprobs.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/first_screen_thumb.png)
From a running system
kernel command line options to help debugging (reached via e on the grub boot menu)
boot.trace
uses set -x to trace the shell scripts.boot.shell_on_fail
allows for a shell if failure to boot.boot.debug1
allows shell and stops right away on failure.boot.debug1devices
stop after loading modules and creating device nodes.boot.debug1mounts
stop after mounting file systems.boot.panic_on_fail
panics on failure.console=
set the console to somethingroot=
If a root device is specified on the kernel command line, make it available through the symlink /dev/root.findiso=
if an iso name is supplied, try to find the device where the iso resides on.copytoram
Skip mounting the ISO and copy its content to a tmpfs.
From an installation media
Msi n1996 graphics card driver free windows 7 windows 10. Booting from the installation media, mount the root partition, and the boot partition under
/mnt
. Next, bind system virtual file systems under /mnt
. Finally, run the command that the installer would run. This will re-install the bootloader.Create a file called foo.sh and paste these lines into it:
Make it executable with chmod and then run it.
Tip: Be patient, it may take some times to re-install the bootloader for you.
New generations are not in the boot menu
The most common cause for this situation is when the ESP isn't mounted where NixOS expects it to be on UEFI systems. NixOS assumes the ESP is mounted under
/boot
and that it is on the ESP that NixOS will install the files needed for the boot process for UEFI systems.[1] This issue should affect all supported UEFI bootloaders equally for NixOS.The usual fix for this problem is to add the missing entry for
fileSystems.'/boot'
in hardware-configuration.nix
(or where your mount points are defined).If for some reason it is impossible to boot the existing generations, follow the steps in #Re-installing the bootloader to re-generate the menu entries, then boot in your system to add the missing configuration. The next generations should work as expected in your bootloader.
Wrangling recalcitrant UEFI implementations
Some UEFI implementations are just bad™. Some symptoms include:
- Losing bootloader configuration choices either randomly, or on disk disconnection.
- Not being able to manually edit the bootloader configuration.
- Not being able to save the bootloader configuration.
- Not being able to boot arbitrary bootloader configuration.
For those problematic EFI setup, or for a portable NixOS setup, it is possible to make use of the default path of the OS loader.
- For an x86_64 computer, this path is /EFI/BOOT/BOOTX64.EFI. Try this one first.
- For extremely problematic EFI implementations, an alternative path can be used, the default Windows bootloader location: /EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi.[2]
As a recommendation, you can either copy the default NixOS bootloader (which will be in the /EFI/NixOS-boot/ folder) or install an secondary bootloader like rEFInd. A copied NixOS bootloader will not be updated by the NixOS configuration. Using a secondary bootloader will add an intermediary step during the boot process, which can be customized to be as short as wanted, but should allow selecting EFI programs, even on different disks.
Alternatively, when using grub, using the
boot.loader.grub.efiInstallAsRemovable
option will install the bootloader at the default /EFI/BOOT/BOOTX64.EFI location.Installing x86_64 NixOS on IA-32 UEFI
Some laptops, mostly those based on Intel Atom, have a very strange setup: x86_64 CPU, 2-4GB of RAM, and ia-32 bootloader. They usually come with 64-bit Windows 10, which is slow and jerky on such configurations. Installing Linux on these systems is trivial, because most of the time you can just install 32-bit versions, which come with 32-bit UEFI bootloader, and not lose practically anything as amount of RAM is small enough for 32 bits of address. This is not the case with NixOS, though, because by choosing a 32-bit version you lose the prebuilt packages from nixos cache. To install a full 64-bit system with 32-bit bootloader, you need to take the following steps:
- Download both latest 'Minimal installation CD, 32-bit Intel/AMD' and 'Minimal installation CD, 64-bit Intel/AMD' from https://nixos.org/nixos/download.html.
- Flash 32-bit version on USB stick and boot it. If it does not boot, then you probably have a 64-bit bootloader and do not need to worry about this tutorial.
- Note: if your system hangs randomly when booted, you can try adding intel_idle.max_cstate=1 to kernel parameters before booting (press e when you see systemd-boot prompt to enter editing mode).
- Once booted, install a minimal system as specified in installation manual. Do not forget to install grub as removable. Example configuration:
- If everything goes well, reboot and you now should have a bootable 32-bit system. If you do, remove USB stick and flash 64-bit version of NixOS onto it.
- Plug it in your PC and boot into GRUB you have just installed. Now we have to boot a 64-bit system from USB stick manually. To do that:
- Press 'c' before your system boots
- Find ENTRY NIXOS DEFAULT line in the output of previous command. Take kernel parameters from that section.
- If you did everything correctly, you now should have your x86_64 system booted from USB. Now it's time to install it. Proceed with NixOS installation manual (do not forget to install GRUB, just as with 32-bit system). Add one extra thing to your configuration: i686 GRUB. To do that, add
To your configuration.
If you have some problems with installation, report them on #nixos on freenode.- ↑NixOS manual: 2.1. UEFI Installation
- ↑https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/35528
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